苏州市连续重污染过程中可溶性离子组分分析研究

文章利用苏州南门空气质量监测站点的可溶性离子组分的数据,结合2013年连续重污染过程细颗粒物中可溶性离子组分.结果表明,重污染过程是在不利气象条件下一次污染过程,从后向轨迹分析,空气团裹挟大量污染物到达苏州,使本地污染和区域污染相互叠加;可溶性离子组分占到细颗粒物组分的一半,可溶性离子又以硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐为主要成分,其中硫酸盐主要来自于二氧化硫的转换.     

Effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina北大核心CSCD

A pot experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina. Three leaf litter treatments included 20, 40 and 80 g of C. camphora leaf litter mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In order to test the effect of leaf litter addition on the permeability and ventilation of soil simultaneously, a parallel trial with steamed leaf litter was conducted with the three treatments of the leaf litter. The leaf litter was steamed for 2 d to remove the secondary metabolites as much as possible, dried, and then mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely Z1, Z2, and Z3, respectively. No leaf litter was added in control (CK). The growth parameters of I. balsamina were determined at the 20 d, 60 d, 100 d and 120 d after sowing and the main physiology indicators were determined at the 60 d. The results indicated that: (1) The ground surface diameter and height of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d (P < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d, and the inhibition effect was stronger with increased amount of leaf litter addition. The chlorophyll content, Pn and Ls decreased significantly with increased amount of leaf litter (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased with the increase of leaf litter addition. The content of MDA in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were all higher than that in CK, which indicated that I. balsamina suffered oxidative damage in a certain degree. The content of free proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased significantly with the increase of the leaf litter (P < 0.05), while the content of soluble protein (SP) increased. (2) In the parallel trial, 60 d after sowing, no obvious difference was observed between CK and any steamed leaf litter treatment in terms of the morphological and physiological features stated above (P > 0.05). It indicated that the soil physical properties were not greatly influenced by leaf litter addition in the dose interval designed, or that the release of secondary metabolites from decomposing leaf litter was probably a better reason to explain the inhibition of leaf litter treatment to I. balsamina growth. (3)The compound effect (CE) of leaf litter decomposition on I. balsamina was enhanced with increase of the leaf litter, to 0.169, 0.354, and 0.497, respectively, in treatments of T1, T2 and T3. The study indicated that initial decomposition of C. camphora leaf litter in soil reduces the content of photosynthetic pigments, inhibits photosynthetic capacity and resistance physiology of I. balsamina, weakens its adaptability to the environment, and restrains growth of the plant. © 2015, Science Press. All rights reserved.     

基于野外数据建立大型底栖动物电导率水质基准的可行性探讨

科学合理地设定水质基准是水生生物保护和水生态系统恢复的基础。水体电导率数值的高低由溶解于其中的各种阴阳离子的浓度所决定,而较多的研究也证明电导率能够显著地影响水生生物类群,特别是大型底栖动物物种存活和群落结构的稳定性。离子组成的复杂性,导致无法开展基于室内实验的水生生物电导率基准值的推导。本文借鉴美国环境保护局基于野外调查数据建立电导率基准值的方法,采用流行病学打分方法,分别从电导率是否对大型底栖动物敏感物种存在毒性效应、人为干扰的增强是否会通过电导率产生毒性作用,以及其他环境因子是否对电导率基准值的制定产生影响3个方面,探讨了基于野外数据建立我国电导率基准的可行性。研究区域为辽河流域的浑河及太子河,野外调查数据采集于2009年8月至2010年5月。研究结果表明,电导率的升高显著降低了大型底栖动物敏感物种的出现频率。通过分析研究区域土地利用方式同电导率之间的相关性,证明了农业和城镇建设用地比例的增加显著地增加了水体中电导率的数值。对有可能引起物种消失的其他环境因子进行分析,结果表明电导率是引起大型底栖动物消失的主要原因。综合以上结果,基于野外调查数据来建立大型底栖动物电导率基准值是可行的,为我国水质基准的研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

运动对急性暴露于2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英大鼠肝组织酶活性的影响

为了研究运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)急性暴露大鼠肝组织酶活性的影响,将40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC)、染毒组(NT)、运动对照组(EC)、运动染毒组(ET)。染毒组(NT组与ET组)腹腔注射10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)的TCDD,对照组(NC组与EC组)腹腔注射等量的玉米油;NT、NC组静养4周,ET、EC组运动(尾部负重5%游泳30分钟)4周。4周后,称重并宰杀大鼠,分离肝组织,称重后-80℃保存待测7-乙氧基异吩恶唑酮脱乙基酶(EROD)、7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)及芳香烃羟化酶(AHH)的活性。将数据进行多因素方差分析(MAVONA)处理,结果表明,染毒可降低大鼠体重,增加肝湿重和肝相对重量、增加EROD、ECOD活性;运动可增加大鼠肝相对重量、增加AHH的活性;染毒后运动可降低EROD、ECOD的活性。结论:急性10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)TCDD染毒后4周可增加大鼠肝相对重量;4周的运动能有效降低TCDD对EROD、ECOD活性的激活作用。     

富氧条件下等离子体协同改性NaY分子筛催化分解NO_x研究

用不同浓度的Cu、Ce和La离子交换Na Y分子筛,对比了不同改性条件下等离子体协同分解NO_x的性能.实验结果表明:Cu是NO_x催化分解的主要活性组分,对于8%Cu-Na Y催化剂,当放电电压为10 k V,放电功率为7.6 W时,NO_x转化率可达46.3%,反应产物中没有NO_2,只有11 ppm的N_2O.Ce的加入可以有效提高催化剂催化活性,对于5%Ce-8%Cu-NaY催化剂,当放电电压为7.8 kV,功率为3.6 W时,NO_x转化率可达67.3%.La的加入同样可以使催化剂活性上升,但不同La含量催化剂的NO_x转化率相差较小.     

贵广I回工程HOM3系统软件缺陷改进方法

通过分析贵广I回工程HOM3光测量系统在极控和直流滤波器保护系统中的软件,找到了软件在处理激光管告警信号和通讯故障信息的差异和缺陷,并提出了修改方法。修改方法经过实时数字仿真系统(RTDS)仿真验证,能够区分激光管告警和通讯故障两种不同的顺序事件记录(SER)信息,并准确定位发生通讯故障的通道,对提高工程安全稳定运行具有重要意义。     

落石冲击作用下架设油气管道响应分析

针对影响油气管道安全运营的落石冲击问题,基于弹塑性力学、Cowper-Symonds本构模型和有限元方法,建立了球形落石冲击油气管道的计算模型,对管道动态响应过程进行了数值模拟。对冲击速度、落石半径、管道内压力和落石冲击位置进行了参数敏感性分析,研究了各参数对管道冲击变形的影响规律。结果表明:落石的冲击能量主要用于管道塑性变形;冲击过程中,落石与管道的接触区域由初始的椭圆斑逐渐变成了椭圆环;管道塑性变形随着冲击速度和落石半径的增大而增大,随内压和落石偏移度的增大而减小。该研究工作为油气管道的安全评价及防护工程的设计提供了参考依据,对保障油气安全运输具有重要的工程意义。     

Excretion of manure-borne estrogens and androgens and their potential risk estimation in the Yangtze River Basin

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, and the river basin spans one fifth of the area of the whole country. Based on statistical data, the excretion of manure-borne steroid hormones, including steroid estrogens(SEs) and steroid androgens(SAs), in 10 provinces of China within the region has been estimated. The potential environmental and ecological risk of manure-borne steroid estrogens to the surface water in this region was also assessed. The manure-borne SE and SA excretions in the 10 provinces and municipalities vary in the order: Sichuan Hunan Hubei Yunnan Jiangsu Anhui Jiangxi Chongqing Qinghai Shanghai. The highest increase of manure-borne SEs(1434.3 kg)and SAs(408.5 kg) was found in Hunan and Hubei provinces, respectively, and the total excretion in 2013 was 65% more than 15 years earlier in these two provinces. However, the emissions in Anhui and Shanghai decreased in this 15 year period of time. Swine urine,chicken feces, cattle urine, and laying hen feces were considered the dominant sources of manure-borne E1, βE2, αE2, and SAs, respectively. Although Jiangsu province did not have the largest excretion of manure-borne SEs, it had the highest level of predicted17β-estradiol equivalency(EEQs) value of 16.65 ng/L in surface water because of the limited surface water resources. According to the lowest observable effect level of 10 ng/L for17β-estradiol, the manure-borne SEs in Jiangsu province might potentially pose ecological risk to its wild aquatic organisms.     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

农村变电站生活污水处理现状与探讨

我国大部分变电站位于农村地区,因无接入城市污水管网条件,农村变电站生活污水需就地处理后达标排放。变电站生活污水存在水量少、时变化系数大等特点,现有处理工艺不能正常运行或无法达标排放。本文借鉴农村生活污水处理技术,提出了生物组合法处理对策,可为变电站生活污水处理提供参考。